Breastfeeding practice in dammam area of saudi arabia.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine the breastfeeding status for children under 24 months and assess the causes of breastfeeding failure among those mothers who do not breastfeed their babies. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted on a sampled population of 1185 children under 24 months of age, using breastfeeding indicators recommended by World Health Organization, for assessing breastfeeding practices within a recall period of 24 hours, in the Dammam area of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: The exclusive breastfeeding rate and predominantly breastfeeding rates were 33% and 11.5%, respectively, under 4 months of age among these children. The timely complementary feeding rate was 31.7% only. All the values were far behind those recommended. The reasons given in order of their frequencies by the mothers for failure to breastfeed were insufficient milk, advice and example of other mothers and formula milk advertisement. CONCLUSION: This study recognizes the low level of exclusive breastfeeding among children under 4 months of age and lays emphasis on changing the behavior of mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding. This can be achieved by special integrated community-based approaches among potential mothers by supporting them after delivery and proper follow-up, to prevent failure of milk formation and discontinuation of breastfeeding.

Asymptomatic salmonella, Shigella and intestinal parasites among primary school children in the eastern province.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of some potential entropathogens among primary school children. METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted, on a sampled population of3258 primary school going children in the age group of 6-11 years. They were investigated for the presence of some potential enteropathogens in their stools. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of enteropathogens was 10.44 percent. Salmonella and Shigella species were found among 114 percent children. Multiple drug resistance was common in the isolated species of Salmonella and Shigella with ma exception of Nalidixic acid and cephalothin in Shigella. The prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 9.30%. The most common parasite found was giardia lambia, 8.16 percent, and next most common was Entamoeba histolytica 0.74%, followed by other parasites: (Hemenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuira and Enterobious vermicularis, in order of their frequencies). CONCLUSION: This study lays emphasis on the importance of asymptomatic carriers as a potential source of infection and demonstrates the emergence of resistance in salmonella and Shigella species.